The evolution of the CSDP in the aftermath of the Saint Malo summit marks the starting point for the establishment of a shared security understanding of the EU member states.
The Barnett formula, a widely used tool for determining public expenditure in Scotland in the past, is now used in devolved governments such as Wales.
The Yugoslav Wars were a tragedy, yet parts of Yugoslavia had different experiences. Slovenia’s secession was relatively bloodless, Croatia’s was violent, and Bosnia’s secession was even more so.
Neo-functionalism occupied a core role in the formation of the European Union. Furthermore, the process of neo-functionalism will likely continue into the future, leading to further European integration.
The EU has adopted a multiple frame approach to counter-piracy, acting in the security, legal, and development frames, but the struggle for a comprehensive approach opens the EU up to much criticism.
The UK, predominantly, views pirates as criminals, and the primary way to eradicate a criminal problem is to arrest and prosecute as many as possible to alter a pirate’s risk/benefit analysis.
Imagining a great power-focused, cooperative strategy between the U.S. and Russia will only be possible if internal political debates in the U.S. create an environment for it to develop.
Current events like the European debt crisis seem to only emphasise the need for Britain to look to North America in order to join NAFTA and escape European bureaucracy.
Neoliberal shock therapy in Eastern Europe has helped the West create exporting tigers, competing on the basis of cheap labour costs and opening up markets for themselves.
During the Munich Crisis, there was little choice other than appeasement, particularly given that the vast majority of the British and French public, as well as elites, were not prepared to fight another war with Germany.
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