Despite numerous attempts and some achievements, the US was unable to impose itself or its leadership on the Middle East after the Cold War, and failed in creating a new order in the region.
A case-by-case approach to understanding violence employed by Islamic groups enables a deeper understanding of the decision-making underpinning their diverse strategies.
The War on Terror has greatly altered the role of Western security services: many changes have been products of the Bush Doctrine, and have been furthered by Obama’s policies.
The Gulf War may be considered a military triumph par excellence; however, a destabilized Iraq must also be considered a disastrous outcome for the U.S. Foreign Policy establishment.
The Arab Spring provides new opportunities for the study of civil wars. The wave of protests has led to two violent rebellions: the Libyan revolutionary war and the Syrian civil war.
Hamas’ and Hizbullah’s responses to the Syrian crisis resulted from the interplay between strategic and ideological considerations, reflecting the concept of Islamist ‘actorness’.
Tackling socio-economic issues, such as poverty and inequality, is not only desirable in principle, but is actively required for the functioning of Egypt’s newly developing democracy.
Realism takes an explanatory rather than a normative approach, and Realist concepts provide a pragmatic framework for the effective analysis of current international issues and events.
With increasing globalization, the spread of ideas is limitless and states’ borders become porous, which therefore permits radical ideas and beliefs to infiltrate other countries.
The centuries-old mercenary profession lives on in the modern era, and the current use of private military contractors, while at unprecedented levels, does not signify a new type of war.
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