Niebuhr would likely want America to continue arming Ukraine because he would see it not as another Vietnam, but as Manchuria again.

Russia offers Pyongyang geopolitical leverage, enabling North Korea to diversify its foreign partnerships and reduce its dependence on China.

Reductive approaches must be replaced with a more comprehensive integrated analysis to learn lessons essential to preventing comparable conflicts.

The world is more complicated than it was a decade ago when scholars ruminated on the capacity of International Relations Theory to understand or reflect what was happening in it.

Realism provides useful tools for dissecting state behaviour and interests, but it cannot fully account for Russia’s diplomatic misfires or the moral and humanitarian dimensions of the conflict.