Although the benefits of globalization continue to be disproportionately angled in favour of the developed global North, GDP can be seen to have risen for developing countries, including those within sub-Saharan Africa.
The legacy of French colonial rule continued to be a shaping force in the economic development of Senegal for decades following its independence. This placed restraints on the economy and made it difficult for businesses to generate growth independent of the regime.
Zimbabwe, unlike its neighbour Botswana, has emerged as a predatory state; clinging on to state power has become the main objective of the political elite is to cling on to state power.
Modernisation, development and globalisation are not inevitable and ‘hard work’ to ensure neoliberal globalisation in the global south has not created progress.
The recent behaviour of international interveners, shaped by the erroneous theories of ‘new wars’ literature, is not useful in the establishment of a self-sustainable democracy.
A consumer’s choice is not limited to quality alone. A consumer activist can strengthen his or her moral identity by buying fair trade goods.
Comprehensive reintegration processes are the most advantageous way to deal with former combatants to ensure lasting peace.
No culture or society can escape the 1989 revolutions; they marked a distinct caesura in International Relations. The states that emerged had to deal with unique circumstances, being geographically located in Europe but politically worlds apart.
Whilst many of the monarchies in the region seem unwilling to cede power entirely to more democratic institutions, there has been a push for constitutional monarchies.
Material repairs to infrastructure are only a small part of any reconstruction effort. Education can provide an incentive for potentially aggressive parties to buy into peace.
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