Author profile: Theodore MacDonald

Theodore MacDonald is a former finance instructor in the Economics Program in the Department of Social Sciences at the US Military Academy at West Point. He now works in finance in New York and researches a variety of geopolitical and defense economics topics.

Securing Ukraine with Proper Financing

Theodore MacDonald • Oct 4 2025 • Articles

Ukraine must avoid a death-debt spiral at a time of competing requirements and low appetites for “forever wars” among its allies.

Please Consider Donating

Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to support open access publishing.

E-IR is an independent non-profit publisher run by an all volunteer team. Your donations allow us to invest in new open access titles and pay our bandwidth bills to ensure we keep our existing titles free to view. Any amount, in any currency, is appreciated. Many thanks!

Donations are voluntary and not required to download the e-book - your link to download is below.