Regimes in Cuba and Iran have sustained sanctions resilience through economic reforms, including neoliberal policies, and ideologically driven nationalist discourses of resistance.
Australia’s strategic culture is ill-suited for long-term national security due to overreliance on the US and lack of industrial capacity to support defence capabilities.
Social structures do not always permit small states to exert agency, but they can do so at times by exercising compulsory, institutional, structural, or productive power.
The Contra insurgency in Nicaragua failed due to inadequate external support, insufficient military capabilities, and a lack of civilian support.
China’s policy stems from its rivalry with the US and desire to act as an independent mediator in the Middle East, as well as Xi’s operational code and public opinion.
American exceptionalism is not merely a static belief but a driving force in the evolution of U.S. foreign policy.
The divide stems from China and India’s respective national interests: China seeks greater global influence, while India deems BRI a looming threat to its sovereignty.
Incorporating a Constructivist lens and examining Strategic Culture is more useful in understanding Russia’s dual approach in the Arctic.
Feminist approaches in IR reveal a division between positivist ‘good girl’ theories and post-positivist ‘bad girl’ theories, with the former dominating global IR.
European states only support aspects of ESA that serve their objective interests—such as economic and security concerns—which are not produced by any strategic culture.
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