Russia’s attempt to use soft power in foreign policy is both counter-hegemonic and oriented toward promoting a regional, Russo-centric hegemonic order.
Claims to alleviate suffering by celebrity humanitarians reflect attempts by the neoliberal world order to control and ensure order in the ‘chaotic’ continent of Africa.
Neo-nationalist rhetoric & symbolism, especially of Russia as a great power (Velikaya Derzhava), is central to the foreign policy strategy of the Putin/Medvedev regime.
The Medvedev-Sarkozy plan failed to establish a lasting peace due to its deterministic nature. A constructivist approach might help change the attitudes of rival parties.
The ‘State of Exception’ is a reaction to threats against government and society, but this ‘state’ is also a threat to minorities, as seen in France and Pakistan.
The alternative cultures and regime types of Iran and North Korea are the main reasons behind the disparate responses to economic sanctions in the 2010s.
‘Strategy’ is a concept Western powers have struggled to define throughout history, and never truly owned. The 2003 Iraq War was a clear embodiment of this struggle.
The policy of forcing women to pick between the role of ‘victim’ or ‘soldier’ has denied justice, agency, and rehabilitation to women in post-conflict societies.
While Marxism attacks the United States for its greedy intentions in invading Iraq, defensive realism explains why it invaded due to its role as the global superpower.
The inescapability of Whig history lies not in the irreversibility of the European project but in the political necessity of its narrative construction.
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