Author profile: Italo Beltrão Sposito and Fernando Jose Ludwig

Italo Beltrão Sposito is adjunct professor at Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT – Tocantins Federal University). He obtained a PhD and MA from the Instituto de Relações Internacionais at Universidade de São Paulo (USP/IRI – International Relations Institute at São Paulo University). His research has focused on foreign policy analysis, using mainly comparative designs to study Latin American and Caribbean countries. His publications are mainly on foreign policy change, having published a book “Redirecionamento da Política Externa: uma análise comparativa entre os Governos Castello Branco e Fernando Collor”, and articles, such as “Brazilian Foreign Policy changing course: a comparative analysis among Castello Branco and Fernando Collor Governments” and “Policy windows for foreign policy shifts in Latin American and Caribbean states”. For more of his publications, access his Research Gate profile.

The Venezuelan Crisis: Maduro’s Regime Legitimacy and Potential Outcomes

Under the Maduro political regime, democracy has deteriorated. Negotiations excluding the US seems to be the way to prevent more social chaos and political instability.

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