While economic and ideological failure played as important role in delegitimising Soviet control, nationalism was the defining feature of the collapse of the Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe.
Gacaca was not a successful experiment in restorative justice. It did not contain a strong enough reparative element and was hampered by factors of capacity such as a lack of legal expertise and sufficient compensation for victims.
1979 was a watershed for US-Iranian relations. Thereafter, a politics of identity has shaped relations, obstructing normalisation efforts.
After partition, many local and familial loyalties remained but for most, and particularly for the East Bengali refugees, lives and loyalties were changed irrevocably
A strategic explanatory account of mass killing is of extensive relevance, but evidently this human tragedy cannot be exclusively understood as a strategic consequence.
The Kurdistan region has to earn its complete part in secession from being a de facto substate entity within the Iraqi state and transferring itself to a fully independent de jure state.
Political motivations offer only a partial explanation for Indian riots. They do not take into account religious mobilization, extremist ideologies, or perceptions of ‘the other’ that lead to participation in, or approval of, violence.
While Gacaca courts have served human needs by exercising retributive and restorative justice, the trials can also invoke retraumatisation and insecurity.
Incidents of genocide are not unique to the modern era; however, ideas of Enlightenment have led to humans’ wish to continually improve their societies.
Neoliberal globalisation creates opportunities for new forms of organisation and resistance, even as it attempts to undermine existing strategies.
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