The Role Played by ‘spoilers’ in Peace Processes
Peace processes are very often lengthy and difficult, many cease-fires negotiated to end civil wars often result in a return to violence, sometimes worse than before. This essay will examine the role of those actors who ‘actively seek to hinder, delay, or undermine conflict settlement’ for a range of reasons and through a variety of methods.
Cross-cultural Moral Judgement in a Globalised World
Differences in moral practices across cultures have led some to question whether there are universal moral principles or whether morality is dependent on a particular culture.
What Impact Did Decolonisation have on Britain?
The impact of decolonisation was greatly mitigated by the spread of informal empire through Britain’s rather selective approach to granting independence. This was a last attempt to turn global politics to Britain’s advantage.
Sunni-Shia Tensions in the Iran-Iraq War
Sunni- Shi’ite tensions came to a head following the revolution in Iran that sought to spread its message, threatening the domestic security of the Sunni Baath party.
Explaining the Color Revolutions
Scholars witnessed a ‘bulldozer revolution’ in Serbia in 2000, a ‘rose revolution’ in Georgia in 2003, an ‘orange revolution’ in Ukraine in December 2004 and then a ‘tulip’ revolution in Kyrgyzstan in early 2005. Although only the Orange color revolutions actually had a color as it symbolize this term, ‘color revolution’ has become a popular term for referring to the four revolutions that occurred among regional specialist and local politicians. Why?
A Greater Role for International Institutions?
The world is heading in a direction of increasing complexity, mutual reliance, co-operation, and diversity. Institutions provide the forums for the co-ordination of efforts that are needed if we are to continue on this path to prosperity.
A Rousseauian Look at European Integration
One of the many issues Rousseau covered was the idea of international cooperation or even integration, and its suitability to some of the states of Europe.
Iran’s Nuclear Programme and the Stability of the Middle East
A nuclear-armed Iran will inevitably recalibrate the Middle Eastern strategic order. But what are the likely impacts for stability?
Protecting Human Rights while Countering Terrorism
While the United Nations human rights treaty monitoring bodies have contributed to the upholding of human rights in the face of a ‘new brand’ of terrorism and counter-terrorism, the challenges they face make their task daunting, now more than ever.
Are the Effects of War Gendered?
In order to decipher whether or not the effects of war are gendered it is of foremost importance to consider what is meant by the term ‘gender’. Therefore, primarily, I will briefly define this term followed by a consideration of what one means by ‘war’. Here I discuss feminist theories regarding war with particular reference to the work of Kelly. Furthermore, I will then move on to look at the effects of war with an analysis of the effects during war, the effects during the peace-making process and, finally, the post-war impacts. Each of the aforementioned will be discussed in turn, drawing on specific examples to highlight my arguments further. Ultimately, I conclude with the argument that the effects of war are often gendered, especially when one considers war from a feminist perspective.
