Elections

Opinion – The Emerging Phenomena of ‘Fake’ International Election Observation

Martin Duffy • Dec 15 2025 • Articles

As representative democracy faces increasing scrutiny, election observation plays a pivotal role in restoring voter trust.

Opinion – North Macedonia’s Emergent Ethnic Nationalism

Martin Duffy • Nov 20 2025 • Articles

The ethnic mix of North Macedonia reveals a surprising complexity – historically under-identified but now pointing to an emerging national trend.

Tunisia at a Crossroads: The Arab Spring’s Lone Flame, Fifteen Years On

Suraj Yadav • Oct 10 2025 • Articles

Tunisia shows that revolutions do not always collapse immediately into dictatorship or war – they can stumble, backslide, and persist in twilight.

Mimicking Democracy Promotion: How Parallel Observers Undermine OSCE Election Monitoring

Markus Pollak • Jun 25 2025 • Articles

Parallel election monitoring does not just compete with established missions – it mimics them, subtly rewriting the rules of legitimacy from within.

Thinking Global Podcast – Aylin Matlé

E-International Relations • Feb 24 2025 • Features

Aylin Matlé speaks about The 2025 German elections, German foreign policy, NATO, Trump, and US-Germany relations. This is part of our 2025 German election special series.

Exploring the World of the International Election Observer

Martin Duffy • Feb 9 2025 • Articles

Election observation is challenging work, but remains an important and relatively accessible opening into international service.

Thinking Global Podcast – James Goldgeier

E-International Relations • Nov 27 2024 • Features

James Goldgeier speaks about the future of US foreign policy following the 2024 US Presidential Elections. This is the third episode in our US elections series.

Thinking Global Podcast – Michael W. Mosser and Dan G. Cox

E-International Relations • Nov 5 2024 • Features

In the second episode of our 2024 US Election series, Michael Mosser and Dan Cox speak about disinformation, cyberattacks and the possibility of Insurgency at this election.

Thinking Global Podcast – Chase Oliver

E-International Relations • Oct 7 2024 • Features

Chase Oliver, the US Libertarian Party’s Nominee for the 2024 Presidential Elections, speaks about Libertarian foreign policy, intervention, immigration and more.

Thinking Global Podcast – The Laid-Back Ballot Club (UK 2024)

E-International Relations • Jul 6 2024 • Features

In the final episode in our 2024 UK General Election special series, the Podcast team discuss the outcome of the UK General Election through an International Relations lens.

Please Consider Donating

Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to support open access publishing.

E-IR is an independent non-profit publisher run by an all volunteer team. Your donations allow us to invest in new open access titles and pay our bandwidth bills to ensure we keep our existing titles free to view. Any amount, in any currency, is appreciated. Many thanks!

Donations are voluntary and not required to download the e-book - your link to download is below.