Declarations of neutrality appear hard-won and far from pro-Russian, given the multiple dependencies of the Central Asian states on all-powerful Russia.
Japarov has proven surprisingly resilient for a leader who attained his power almost by accident, and who does not have the political instincts of his contemporaries.
Before you download your free e-book, please consider donating to support open access publishing.
E-IR is an independent non-profit publisher run by an all volunteer team. Your donations allow us to invest in new open access titles and pay our bandwidth bills to ensure we keep our existing titles free to view. Any amount, in any currency, is appreciated. Many thanks!
Donations are voluntary and not required to download the e-book - your link to download is below.
