No culture or society can escape the 1989 revolutions; they marked a distinct caesura in International Relations. The states that emerged had to deal with unique circumstances, being geographically located in Europe but politically worlds apart.
The debate about cyber war suffers heavily from media hype. Cyber weapons are not weapons in the classical sense, serving protesters better than the army.
The impact of decolonisation was greatly mitigated by the spread of informal empire through Britain’s rather selective approach to granting independence. This was a last attempt to turn global politics to Britain’s advantage.
The shift in Turkish civil-military relations post 2002 is a consequence of an emerging reconfiguration of norms, interests, and identity in Turkish politics.
The Spanish-American War fails to support strict interpretation of democratic peace theory, and instead provides an instance in which two democracies went go to war because their people demanded it.
China has more than quadrupled its expenditure on naval spending as part of a policy of sharply increasing defence spending since the early 2000s.
Stuck with an isolationist Congress and public, Roosevelt pursued a policy of appeasement while always entertaining the need for entry into the war.
Parties that identify with being on the right of centre, who follow a Eurosceptic ideology and call for the withdrawal of Britain from the European Union show significant growth in electoral support in recent years.
Nationalist ideology provided the moral, political and military impetus to ethnically cleanse contested territories to create a ‘fit’ between nation and state.
Smaller nations have played a secondary, or non-existent role to major powers. Yet, they are well placed to play instrumental roles in implementing the R2P.
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