The competition between global powers to make cyberspace the next battleground will have a serious consequence for the rest of the world if not addressed collectively.
Lev Topor talks about his work on cyberspace and racism, cybersecurity and the pandemic, and the key instigators of cyber interventions.
Akin Ünver discusses computational social science (CSS) and IR, his research using CSS on the Syrian Civil War, and the use of the Internet by authoritarian leaders.
The international system is ill equipped to create regulatory mechanisms that inhibit and control state action in Cyberspace, much less the myriad other actors that can wield such violence.
World-scale political geography is shifting as new actors become mediums for power within the system, revealing complexity by adding Cyberspace onto the political geography of international space.
If the Internet is to be an effective tool of liberty, freedom and justice then Cyberspace must be understood not just within domestic governance frameworks, but also within the international governance system.
The geography of Cyberspace has been described as layered: a spatial geography layered with a legal geography that is layered with a political geography.
Daniel Moore talks about his PhD research on military offensive network operations, the increased weaponization of cyber capabilities and private intelligence companies.
Andreas Haggman talks about his research on the use of tabletop wargames for cyber security education and discusses government use and defence of cyber-attacks.
Cyber domain resembles an anarchical realist world with its lack of institutional governance where states fear one another and develop their capabilities in response.
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